I-Etonitat kunye ne-opioid agonist benzimidazole enxulumene nayo yafunyanwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 liqela labaphandi baseSwitzerland abasebenza kwinkampani yamayeza iCIBA (ngoku eyiNovartis).Enye yeekhompawundi zokuqala ezifundwe liqela laseSwitzerland laliyi-1-(beta-diethylaminoethyl) -2-benzyl benzimidazole, efunyenwe ukuba ine-10% ye-morphine's analgesic activity in rodent bioassometry.Esi siphumo sakhuthaza iqela ukuba liqalise uphando olubanzi olucwangcisiweyo lwe-2-benzyl benzimidazole kunye nokuseka ubudlelwane bomsebenzi wolwakhiwo kule ntsapho intsha yeentlungu.Iindlela ezimbini zokudibanisa ngokubanzi zaphuhliswa ukulungiselela ezi khompawundi.

Indlela yokuqala ibandakanya i-condensation ye-o-phenylenediamine kunye ne-phenylacetonitrile ukwenza i-2-benzylbenzimidazole.I-benzimidazole ke i-alkylated kunye ne-1-chloro-2-dialkyl aminoethane efunwayo ukwenza imveliso yokugqibela.Le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ibenzimidazole ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo kwiringi yebenzene

I-synthesis eqhelekileyo [4] eyenziwa liqela laseSwitzerland kuqala ibandakanya i-alkylation ye-2, i-4-dinitrochlorobenzene kunye ne-1-amino-2-diethylaminoethane ukwenza i-N-(β-diethylaminoethyl) -2, 4-dinitroaniline [aka: N' - (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) -n, n-diethyl-ethane-1, 2-diamine].I-2-nitro substituents kwi-2, i-4-dinitroaniline i-compounds ikhethwa ngokukhethiweyo kwii-amine eziphambili ezihambelanayo ngokusebenzisa i-ammonium sulfide njenge-agent yokunciphisa.I-Ammonium sulfide inokwenza igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide kwindawo ngokudibanisa isisombululo esigxininisiweyo se-ammonium hydroxide kwaye siwuzalise ngesisombululo.Uphakathi owenziwe ngokunciphisa okukhethiweyo kwe-2-nitro-substituent 2- (β-diethylaminoethyl aminoethyl) -5-nitroaniline, ethi emva koko iphendule nge-iminoethyl ether hydrochloride ye-4-ethoxy phenylacetonitrile (aka: p-ethoxy benzyl cyanide).Iminoether, i-2- (4-ethoxy phenyl) -i-acetyliminoate ethyl ester hydrochloride, ilungiswa njengegesi ngokuchithwa kwe-benzyl cyanide ye-4 endaweni yomxube we-ethanol anhydrous kunye ne-chloroform, kwaye emva koko izalise isisombululo nge-anhydrous hydrogen chloride.Ukusabela phakathi kwe-2- (beta-dialkyl aminoalkyl amine) -5-nitroaniline kunye ne-hydrochloride ye-iminoethyl ether kubangela ukubunjwa kwe-etonitrazine.Inkqubo ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukulungiselela i-4-, 5-, 6- kunye ne-7-nitrobenzimidazole.Ukukhethwa kwe-iminoethers etshintshiweyo ye-phenylacetic acid inokubonelela ngeekhompawundi kunye nezinto ezithatha indawo ezininzi kwi-benzene 2-site.

I-analogues ezininzi ziyaziwa, enye enye i-compound ephawulekayo evela kuphononongo lwangaphambili kwiminyaka ye-1950 yi-clonitacetone, ebuthathaka kakhulu kune-etonissini (malunga ne-3 amaxesha e-morphine).Kutshanje, ukusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2018, inani lee-analogues zomyili sele liqalile ukubonakala kwimarike engekho mthethweni kwihlabathi liphela, kunye neekhompawundi ezibalaseleyo yi-metronidazole, isonidazole kunye ne-ettazine, kodwa ezinye ziyaqhubeka nokuvela.